According to MSDN (Aggregate Functions (Transact-SQL) - SQL Server | Microsoft Learn), the Median function is unavailable as an aggregate function in Transact-SQL. However, I would like to know if it is possible to create this functionality using the Create Aggregate function, a user-defined function, or another method.
What would be the best way to enable the calculation of a median value (assuming a numeric data type) in an aggregate query?
Hello Anusha,
Using a Common Table Expression (CTE) : A common method to calculate the median in SQL Server is by using a Common Table Expression (CTE) to rank the rows and then select the middle value(s).
WITH SortedValues AS (
SELECT
value,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY value) AS RowAsc,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY value DESC) AS RowDesc
FROM
YourTable
)
SELECT
AVG(value) AS Median
FROM
SortedValues
WHERE
RowAsc = RowDesc
OR RowAsc + 1 = RowDesc
OR RowAsc = RowDesc + 1;
This CTE ranks the values in ascending and descending order.
Main Query: It then selects the middle value(s). If there is an even number of values, it averages the two middle values.
Hey Jacqueline,
Using SQL Server’s PERCENTILE_CONT Function: SQL Server 2012 and later versions include the PERCENTILE_CONT function, which can be used to calculate the median.
SELECT
PERCENTILE_CONT(0.5) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY value) AS Median
FROM
YourTable;
-
PERCENTILE_CONT(0.5): This calculates the values’ median (50th percentile) in the specified order.
-
WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY value): This clause specifies the order of the values for which the percentile is calculated.
I hope this works
Using a User-Defined Function (UDF) : You can create a user-defined function to calculate the median. Here’s an example of creating and using such a function:
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.fnMedian (@ListOfValues FLOAT)
RETURNS FLOAT
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @Median FLOAT;
WITH SortedValues AS (
SELECT
value,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY value) AS RowAsc,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY value DESC) AS RowDesc
FROM
@ListOfValues
)
SELECT
@Median = AVG(value)
FROM
SortedValues
WHERE
RowAsc = RowDesc
OR RowAsc + 1 = RowDesc
OR RowAsc = RowDesc + 1;
RETURN @Median;
END
GO
– Using the function
SELECT dbo.fnMedian(value) AS Median
FROM YourTable;
explanation:
Creating the UDF: This function sorts the values and calculates the median using the same logic as in Answer 1.
Using the UDF: You can call this function within your queries to calculate the median for any set of values.
I hope I was able to clear your doubt @anusha_gg