What is the best way to convert a string to a number in TypeScript?

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What is the best way to convert a string to a number in TypeScript?

Given a string representation of a number, how can I convert it to a number type in TypeScript?

For example:

var numberString: string = "1234";
var numberValue: number = /* what should I do with `numberString`? */;

What are the recommended methods for string to number TypeScript conversion, and how do they differ in behavior?