Couldn’t get RemoteDebug to work either, especially with iOS 13 and above.
My workaround for debugging iPhone Safari on Windows was using a network proxy tool like Charles Proxy or Proxyman.
I connected the iPhone to the same Wi-Fi network and routed its traffic through the proxy on my Windows machine.
While I couldn’t inspect the DOM directly, it let me capture network requests and debug API behavior, good enough to catch major frontend bugs.