To remove leading and trailing spaces from a string, you can use the str.strip() method:
>>> " hello apple ".strip()
'hello apple'
If you want to remove all space characters from a string, you can use the str.replace() method. Note that this only removes the standard ASCII space character (’ ’ U+0020) and not any other whitespace characters:
>>> " hello apple ".replace(" ", "")
'helloapple'
To remove duplicated spaces from a string, you can use a combination of str.split() and str.join():
>>> " ".join(" hello apple ".split())
'hello apple'
These methods allow you to manipulate and clean up spaces within strings in Python.